URL
The first part of the address is called a protocol identifier and it indicates what protocol to use, and the second part is called "resource name" and it specifies the IP address or the domain name where the resource is situated. The protocol identifier and the resource name are separated by a colon and two forward slashes.
URI scheme Generic syntax
Every URL begins with the scheme name that defines its namespace, it's purpose, and the syntax of the remaining part of the URL.Example, a Web browser will usually dereference a http://example.org/ by performing an HTTP request to the host example.org, at the default HTTP port . Dereferencing the URL mailto:fred@example.com will usually start an e-mail system with the address fred@example.com in the "to:" field.
URLs that specify https as a scheme (such as https://example.com/) normally denote a secure web site.
The hostname portion of a URL is case insensitive as the DNS is specified to ignore case other parts are not required to be case sensitive, but may be treated as case insensitive by some clients and servers.
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